Happiness

by Nava Thompson

Title

Happiness

Artist

Nava Thompson

Medium

Photograph - Photography

Description

A photo taken by Nava Thompson of a yellow Swallowtail Butterfly among a pink Zinnias in a garden in NW Arkansas...................................................As of 2005, 552 extant species have been identified,[1] which are distributed across the tropical and temperate regions of all continents except Antarctica. Various species inhabit altitudes ranging from sea level to high mountains, as in the case of most species of Parnassius. The majority of swallowtail species and the greatest diversity in form and lifestyle are found in the tropics and subtropical regions between 20°N and 20°S,[5]: particularly Southeast Asia, and between 20°N and 40°N in East Asia. Only 12 species are found in Europe[6] and only one species, Papilio machaon is found in the British Isles.[6] North America has 40 species, including several tropical species and Parnassius...................................The northernmost swallowtail is the Arctic Apollo (Parnassius arcticus), found in the Arctic Circle in northeastern Yakutia, at altitudes of 1500 meters above sea level.[8] In the Himalayas, various Apollo species such as Parnassius epaphus, have been found at altitudes of 6,000 meters above sea level..................Appearance/Morphology[edit]The detailed descriptions of morphological characteristics of the Papilionidae, as quoted in Bingham (1905) are as follows:..............................Egg. "Dome-shaped, smooth or obscurely facetted, not as high as wide, somewhat leathery, opaque." (Doherty.)................................Larva. Stout, smooth or with a series of fleshy tubercles on the dorsum : sometimes with a raised fleshy protuberance (the so-called hood or crest) on the fourth segment. The second segment has a transverse opening, out of which the larva protrudes at will and an erect, forked, glandular fleshy organ that emits a strong, penetrating, and somewhat pleasant odor...........................Pupa. Variable in form but most often curved backwards. It is angulate, with the head truncate or rounded and the back of abdomen is smooth or tuberculate. It is attached by the tail, normally in a perpendicular position, and further secured by a silken girth round the middle. In Parnassius, the pupa is placed in a loose silken web between leaves.......................................Imago. Wings extraordinarily variable in shape. Hind wing very frequently has a tail, which may be slender, or broad and spatulate, but is always an extension of the termen at vein 4. In one genus, Armandia, the termen of the hind wing is prolonged into tails at the apices of veins 2 and 3 as well as at vein 4. Pore wing (except in the aberrant genera Parnassius and Hypermnestra) with all 12 veins present and in addition a short internal vein, vein 1 a,............ that invariably terminates on the dorsal margin.

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January 15th, 2014

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